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Philosophers

Mortimer Adler
Rogers Albritton
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Samuel Alexander
William Alston
Anaximander
G.E.M.Anscombe
Anselm
Louise Antony
Thomas Aquinas
Aristotle
David Armstrong
Harald Atmanspacher
Robert Audi
Augustine
J.L.Austin
A.J.Ayer
Alexander Bain
Mark Balaguer
Jeffrey Barrett
William Barrett
William Belsham
Henri Bergson
George Berkeley
Isaiah Berlin
Richard J. Bernstein
Bernard Berofsky
Robert Bishop
Max Black
Susanne Bobzien
Emil du Bois-Reymond
Hilary Bok
Laurence BonJour
George Boole
Émile Boutroux
F.H.Bradley
C.D.Broad
Michael Burke
Lawrence Cahoone
C.A.Campbell
Joseph Keim Campbell
Rudolf Carnap
Carneades
Nancy Cartwright
Gregg Caruso
Ernst Cassirer
David Chalmers
Roderick Chisholm
Chrysippus
Cicero
Randolph Clarke
Samuel Clarke
Anthony Collins
Antonella Corradini
Diodorus Cronus
Jonathan Dancy
Donald Davidson
Mario De Caro
Democritus
Daniel Dennett
Jacques Derrida
René Descartes
Richard Double
Fred Dretske
John Dupré
John Earman
Laura Waddell Ekstrom
Epictetus
Epicurus
Herbert Feigl
Arthur Fine
John Martin Fischer
Frederic Fitch
Owen Flanagan
Luciano Floridi
Philippa Foot
Alfred Fouilleé
Harry Frankfurt
Richard L. Franklin
Bas van Fraassen
Michael Frede
Gottlob Frege
Peter Geach
Edmund Gettier
Carl Ginet
Alvin Goldman
Gorgias
Nicholas St. John Green
H.Paul Grice
Ian Hacking
Ishtiyaque Haji
Stuart Hampshire
W.F.R.Hardie
Sam Harris
William Hasker
R.M.Hare
Georg W.F. Hegel
Martin Heidegger
Heraclitus
R.E.Hobart
Thomas Hobbes
David Hodgson
Shadsworth Hodgson
Baron d'Holbach
Ted Honderich
Pamela Huby
David Hume
Ferenc Huoranszki
Frank Jackson
William James
Lord Kames
Robert Kane
Immanuel Kant
Tomis Kapitan
Walter Kaufmann
Jaegwon Kim
William King
Hilary Kornblith
Christine Korsgaard
Saul Kripke
Thomas Kuhn
Andrea Lavazza
Christoph Lehner
Keith Lehrer
Gottfried Leibniz
Jules Lequyer
Leucippus
Michael Levin
Joseph Levine
George Henry Lewes
C.I.Lewis
David Lewis
Peter Lipton
C. Lloyd Morgan
John Locke
Michael Lockwood
E. Jonathan Lowe
John R. Lucas
Lucretius
Alasdair MacIntyre
Ruth Barcan Marcus
James Martineau
Storrs McCall
Hugh McCann
Colin McGinn
Michael McKenna
Brian McLaughlin
John McTaggart
Paul E. Meehl
Uwe Meixner
Alfred Mele
Trenton Merricks
John Stuart Mill
Dickinson Miller
G.E.Moore
Thomas Nagel
Otto Neurath
Friedrich Nietzsche
John Norton
P.H.Nowell-Smith
Robert Nozick
William of Ockham
Timothy O'Connor
Parmenides
David F. Pears
Charles Sanders Peirce
Derk Pereboom
Steven Pinker
Plato
Karl Popper
Porphyry
Huw Price
H.A.Prichard
Protagoras
Hilary Putnam
Willard van Orman Quine
Frank Ramsey
Ayn Rand
Michael Rea
Thomas Reid
Charles Renouvier
Nicholas Rescher
C.W.Rietdijk
Richard Rorty
Josiah Royce
Bertrand Russell
Paul Russell
Gilbert Ryle
Jean-Paul Sartre
Kenneth Sayre
T.M.Scanlon
Moritz Schlick
Arthur Schopenhauer
John Searle
Wilfrid Sellars
Alan Sidelle
Ted Sider
Henry Sidgwick
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
J.J.C.Smart
Saul Smilansky
Michael Smith
Baruch Spinoza
L. Susan Stebbing
Isabelle Stengers
George F. Stout
Galen Strawson
Peter Strawson
Eleonore Stump
Francisco Suárez
Richard Taylor
Kevin Timpe
Mark Twain
Peter Unger
Peter van Inwagen
Manuel Vargas
John Venn
Kadri Vihvelin
Voltaire
G.H. von Wright
David Foster Wallace
R. Jay Wallace
W.G.Ward
Ted Warfield
Roy Weatherford
C.F. von Weizsäcker
William Whewell
Alfred North Whitehead
David Widerker
David Wiggins
Bernard Williams
Timothy Williamson
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Susan Wolf

Scientists

David Albert
Michael Arbib
Walter Baade
Bernard Baars
Jeffrey Bada
Leslie Ballentine
Gregory Bateson
John S. Bell
Mara Beller
Charles Bennett
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Susan Blackmore
Margaret Boden
David Bohm
Niels Bohr
Ludwig Boltzmann
Emile Borel
Max Born
Satyendra Nath Bose
Walther Bothe
Jean Bricmont
Hans Briegel
Leon Brillouin
Stephen Brush
Henry Thomas Buckle
S. H. Burbury
Melvin Calvin
Donald Campbell
Sadi Carnot
Anthony Cashmore
Eric Chaisson
Gregory Chaitin
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Rudolf Clausius
Arthur Holly Compton
John Conway
Jerry Coyne
John Cramer
Francis Crick
E. P. Culverwell
Antonio Damasio
Olivier Darrigol
Charles Darwin
Richard Dawkins
Terrence Deacon
Lüder Deecke
Richard Dedekind
Louis de Broglie
Stanislas Dehaene
Max Delbrück
Abraham de Moivre
Paul Dirac
Hans Driesch
John Eccles
Arthur Stanley Eddington
Gerald Edelman
Paul Ehrenfest
Manfred Eigen
Albert Einstein
George F. R. Ellis
Hugh Everett, III
Franz Exner
Richard Feynman
R. A. Fisher
David Foster
Joseph Fourier
Philipp Frank
Steven Frautschi
Edward Fredkin
Lila Gatlin
Michael Gazzaniga
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
GianCarlo Ghirardi
J. Willard Gibbs
Nicolas Gisin
Paul Glimcher
Thomas Gold
A. O. Gomes
Brian Goodwin
Joshua Greene
Dirk ter Haar
Jacques Hadamard
Mark Hadley
Patrick Haggard
J. B. S. Haldane
Stuart Hameroff
Augustin Hamon
Sam Harris
Ralph Hartley
Hyman Hartman
John-Dylan Haynes
Donald Hebb
Martin Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg
John Herschel
Basil Hiley
Art Hobson
Jesper Hoffmeyer
Don Howard
William Stanley Jevons
Roman Jakobson
E. T. Jaynes
Pascual Jordan
Ruth E. Kastner
Stuart Kauffman
Martin J. Klein
William R. Klemm
Christof Koch
Simon Kochen
Hans Kornhuber
Stephen Kosslyn
Daniel Koshland
Ladislav Kovàč
Leopold Kronecker
Rolf Landauer
Alfred Landé
Pierre-Simon Laplace
David Layzer
Joseph LeDoux
Gilbert Lewis
Benjamin Libet
David Lindley
Seth Lloyd
Hendrik Lorentz
Josef Loschmidt
Ernst Mach
Donald MacKay
Henry Margenau
Owen Maroney
Humberto Maturana
James Clerk Maxwell
Ernst Mayr
John McCarthy
Warren McCulloch
N. David Mermin
George Miller
Stanley Miller
Ulrich Mohrhoff
Jacques Monod
Emmy Noether
Alexander Oparin
Abraham Pais
Howard Pattee
Wolfgang Pauli
Massimo Pauri
Roger Penrose
Steven Pinker
Colin Pittendrigh
Max Planck
Susan Pockett
Henri Poincaré
Daniel Pollen
Ilya Prigogine
Hans Primas
Henry Quastler
Adolphe Quételet
Lord Rayleigh
Jürgen Renn
Juan Roederer
Jerome Rothstein
David Ruelle
Tilman Sauer
Jürgen Schmidhuber
Erwin Schrödinger
Aaron Schurger
Sebastian Seung
Thomas Sebeok
Claude Shannon
David Shiang
Abner Shimony
Herbert Simon
Dean Keith Simonton
B. F. Skinner
Lee Smolin
Ray Solomonoff
Roger Sperry
John Stachel
Henry Stapp
Tom Stonier
Antoine Suarez
Leo Szilard
Max Tegmark
Libb Thims
William Thomson (Kelvin)
Giulio Tononi
Peter Tse
Francisco Varela
Vlatko Vedral
Mikhail Volkenstein
Heinz von Foerster
Richard von Mises
John von Neumann
Jakob von Uexküll
John B. Watson
Daniel Wegner
Steven Weinberg
Paul A. Weiss
Herman Weyl
John Wheeler
Wilhelm Wien
Norbert Wiener
Eugene Wigner
E. O. Wilson
Stephen Wolfram
H. Dieter Zeh
Ernst Zermelo
Wojciech Zurek
Konrad Zuse
Fritz Zwicky
 
Articles on Metaphysics
We collect most of the articles on metaphysics in this one folder on The Metaphysicist website.

Some are in other folders, for example the author's folder on the Information Philosopher website. In that case, we will provide links from here.

This page can serve as an index to the articles by author and date, in APA format, as copied from the article's citation on Google Scholar.

You may also find the articles organized by Problems or Puzzles as the References on a specific problem or puzzle page.

Note: These articles have been uploaded to The Metaphysicist for academic use by scholars researching metaphysics. We believe this to be a fair use. If anyone wants to have an article removed, please email bobdoyle@informationphilosopher.com.


Baker, L. R. (1997). "Why constitution is not identity." The Journal of Philosophy, 94(12), 599-621.
Baker, L. R. (2008). "A metaphysics of ordinary things and why we need it." Philosophy, 83(01), 5-24.
Barcan, R. C. (1946). "A functional calculus of first order based on strict implication." The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 11(01), 1-16.
Barcan, R. C. (1946). "The deduction theorem in a functional calculus of first order based on strict implication." The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 11(04), 115-118.
Barcan, R. C. (1947). "The identity of individuals in a strict functional calculus of second order." The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 12(01), 12-15.
Black, Max. 1952. "The Identity of Indiscernibles." Mind 61: 153-64.
Block, N. (1995). "The mind as the software of the brain." New York, 3, 377-425.
Bowin, J. (2003). "Chrysippus' Puzzle About Identity." Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 24: 239-251
Burke, M. B. 1992. "Copper Statues and Pieces of Copper: A Challenge to the Standard Account." Analysis 52: 12-17.
Burke, M. B. (1994a). Preserving the principle of one object to a place: A novel account of the relations among objects, sorts, sortals, and persistence conditions. "Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 54(3), 591-624.
Burke, M. B. (1994b). "Dion and Theon: An essentialist solution to an ancient puzzle." The Journal of Philosophy, 91(3), 129-139.
Burke, M. B. (1996). Tibbles the cat: A Modern "Sophisma". Philosophical Studies, 84(1), 63-74.
Burke, M. B. (1997). Coinciding objects: reply to Lowe and Denkel. Analysis, 57(1), 11-18.
Burke, M. B. (2004). Dion, Theon, and the many-thinkers problem. Analysis, 64(3), 242-250.
Butler, J. (1838). "Of Personal Identity," The Whole Works of Joseph Butler.
Carnap, R. (1988). Meaning and necessity: a study in semantics and modal logic. University of Chicago Press.
Carter, W. R. 1982. "On Contingent Identity and Temporal Worms." Philosophical Studies 41: 213-30.
Carter, W. R. 1983. "In Defense of Undetached Parts." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 64: 126-43.
Charlton, W. 1970. Aristotle's Physics, I, II. Oxford: Clarendon.
Charlton, W. (1972). "Aristotle and the Principle of Individuation." Phronesis, 239-249.
Chisholm, Roderick. 1966. Theory of Knowledge. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Chisholm, Roderick. 1973. "Parts as Essential to Their Wholes." Review of Metaphysics 26: 581-603.
Chisholm, Roderick. 1976. Person and Object. La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company.
Chisholm, Roderick M.(1989) On Metaphysics, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Cohen, S. M. (1984). "Aristotle and individuation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 14(sup1), 41-65.
Evans, Gareth. 1978. "Can There Be Vague Objects?" Analysis 38: 208.
Frege, G., Geach, P. T., & Black, M. (1951). On concept and object. Mind, 60(238), 168-180.
Geach, P. T. 1965. "Some Problems about Time." Proceedings of the British Academy 51: 320-36.
Geach, P. T. 1967. "Identity." Review of Metaphysics 21: 3-12.
Geach, P. T. 1969a. "A Reply." Review of Metaphysics 22: 556-59.
Geach, P. T. (1969b). The Perils of Pauline. The Review of Metaphysics, 23(2), 287-300.
Geach, P. T. 1980b. Reference and Generality. 3d ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Gibbard, A. (1975). "Contingent Identity. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 4(2), 187-221.
Hirsch, E. (1992). The Concept of Identity. Oxford University Press.
Johnston, M. (1992). "Constitution is not identity". Mind, 101(401), 89-105.
Kant, Immanuel. (1977) Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Hackett
Kripke, Saul. 1971. "Identity and Necessity." In Munitz 1971, 135-164.
Kripke, Saul. 1981. "Naming and Necessity." Blackwell Publishing.
Leibniz, G. W. 1969. Philosophical Papers and Letters, ed. L. E. Loemker. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Leibniz, G. W. 1981. New Essays on Human Understanding, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leibniz, G. W. 1973. Discourse on Metaphysics, 2d ed. La Salle, IL: Open Court.
Lewis, D. K. (1986). On the plurality of worlds. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lewis, D. (1988). "Rearrangement of particles: reply to Lowe." Analysis, 48(2), 65-72.
Leonard, H. S., & Goodman, N. (1940). "The calculus of individuals and its uses." The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 5(2), 45-55.
Lewis, D. K. (1997). "Counterparts or Double Lives?," in Rea, M. C., ed., Material Constitution
Lloyd, A. C. (1970). Aristotle's Principle of Individuation." Mind, 79(316), 519-529.
Long, A. A. (1971). Problems in stoicism. Athlone Press
Long, A. A. (1982). "Soul and body in Stoicism." Phronesis, 34-57.
Long, A. A. and D. N. Sedley, (1987) The Hellenistic Philosophers, Cambridge University Press
Lowe, E. J. (1987). "Lewis on perdurance versus endurance." Analysis, 47(3), 152-154.
Lowe, E. J. (1988). "The problems of intrinsic change: Rejoinder to Lewis." Analysis, 48(2), 72-77.
Lowe, E. J. (1994). "Vague identity and quantum indeterminacy." Analysis, 54(2), 110-114.
Lowe, E. J. (1995). "Coinciding objects: in defence of the 'standard account'. Analysis, 55(3), 171-178.
Lowe, E. J. (1998). The Possibility of Metaphysics. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2002). A Survey of Metaphysics. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2006). "Non-Cartesian substance dualism and the problem of mental causation. Erkenntnis, 65(1), 5-23.
Lowe, E. J., & Noonan, H. W. (1988). "Substance, identity and time." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, 62, 61-100.
Marcus, R. B. (1961). Modalities and intensional languages. Synthése, 13(4), 303-322.
Marcus, R. B. (1975, January). Dispensing with possibilia. In Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (Vol. 49, pp. 39-51).
Barcan Marcus, R. (1985). Possibilia and Possible Worlds. in Modalities .
Munitz, Milton, ed. 1971. Identity and Individuation. New York: New York University Press.
Noonan, Harold. 1976. "Wiggins on Identity." Mind 85: 559-75.
Noonan, Harold. 1985a. "Wiggins, Artefact Identity and 'Best Candidate' Theories." Analysis 45:4-8.
Noonan, Harold. 1985b. "The Closest Continuer Theory of Identity." Inquiry 28: 195-229.
Noonan, Harold. 1988, "Reply to Lowe on Ships and Structures." Analysis 48: 221-23.
Noonan, H. W. (1993). "Constitution is identity." Mind, 102(405), 133-146.
Olson, E. T. (2001). "Material coincidence and the indiscernibility problem." The Philosophical Quarterly, 51(204), 337-355.
Quine, W. V. 1943. "Notes on Existence and Necessity." The Journal of Philosophy 40 (5) p.113
Quine, W. V. 1947. "The Problem of Interpreting Modal Logic." The Journal of Symbolic Logic 12 (2) p.43
Quine, W. V. 1950. "Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis."
Quine, W. V. I960. Word and Object. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Quine, W. V. 1961. "Reference and Modality." In Quine 1980, 139-59.
Quine, W. V. 1969. Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press.
Quine, W. V. 1980. From a Logical Point of View, 2d ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rea, M. C. (1995). The problem of material constitution.. The Philosophical Review, 104(4), 525-552.
Rea, M. C. (1997). Material Constitution: A Reader. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.
Rea, M. C. (2002). World Without Design: The Ontological Consequences of Naturalism: Clarendon Press
Rea, M. C. (2008). Metaphysics: critical concepts in philosophy. 5 vols. London ; New York: Routledge.
Rea, M. C. (2009). Arguing about metaphysics. New York, Routledge.
Rea, M. V. (2014). Metaphysics: The Basics. London, Routledge.
Regis, E. (1976). "Aristotle's Principle of Individuation." Phronesis, 157-166.
Russell, Bertrand. 1905. "On Denoting." Mind, 14(56), 479-493.
Sedley, D. N. 1982. "The Stoic Criterion of Identity." Phronesis 27: 255-75.
Sedley, D. N. (2010). "Matter in Hellenistic philosophy." Materia: XIII Colloquio internazionale del Lessico Intellettuale Europeo. Roma, 53-66.
Sidelle, A. (2002). ""Is there a true metaphysics of material objects?" Noûs, 36(s1), 118-145.
Sider, T. (2001). Four-Dimensionalism. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Sider, T. J. Hawthorne, and D. W. Zimmerman. (2008) Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics, Blackwell Publishing.
Sider, T. (2011). Writing the Book of the World. Oxford University Press.
Simons, P.M. (1987). Parts: A Study in Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.
Taylor, Richard. (1963) Metaphysics. Foundations of Philosophy Series. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
Thomasson, A. L. (2006). "Metaphysical arguments against ordinary objects." The Philosophical Quarterly, 56(224), 340-359.
Thomson, J. J. (1983). "Parthood and identity across time." The Journal of Philosophy, 80(4), 201-220.
Thomson, J. J. (1998). "The statue and the clay. Noûs, 32(2), 149-173.
Tomberlin J. and P. van Inwagen. 1979. Alvin Plantinga , Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
Unger, Peter. 1979a. "There Are No Ordinary Things." Synthése 41: 117-54.
Unger, Peter. 1979b. "Why There Are No People." In Midwest Studies in Philosophy. Vol 4. pp. 177-222 Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Unger, Peter.1980a. "Skepticism and Nihilism." Nous 14: 517-45.
Unger, Peter.1980b. "The Problem of the Many." In Midwest Studies in Philosophy. Vol. 5 Studies in Epistemology (pp. 411-68), ed. P. French, T. Uehling, and H. Wettstein Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Unger, Peter. 1990. Identity, Consciousness, and Value. New York: Oxford University Press
Unger, Peter. 2004. "The Mental Problems of the Many", Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Vol.1 (2004): 195.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1980a. "Philosophers and the Words 'Human Body.'" In van Inwagen 1980b, 283-99
Van Inwagen, Peter.1980b. Time and Cause: Essays Presented to Richard Taylor. Dordrecht Reidel.
Van Inwagen, P. (1981). "The Doctrine of Arbitrary Undetached Parts," Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 62, 123-137.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1985. "Plantinga on Trans-World Idenity." In Alvin Plantinga (pp. 101-20). ed. J. Tomberlin and P. van Inwagen. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1987. "When Are Objects Parts?" In Philosophical Perspectives. Vol. 1 Metaphysics (pp. 21-48), ed. J. Tomberlin. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1988. "How to Reason about Vague Objects." Philosophical Topics 16: 255-84.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1990. Material Beings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Van Inwagen, Peter. (2014) Metaphysics. Fourth Edition, Boulder: Westview Press.
Van Inwagen, Peter, Metaphysics, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Van Inwagen, P., and D. W. Zimmerman. (2008) Metaphysics: The Big Questions, 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing.
Whiting, J. E. (1986). Form and individuation in Aristotle." History of Philosophy Quarterly, 3(4), 359-377.
Wiggins, David. 1963. "Individuation of Places and Things." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Suppl. 37: 177-202.
Wiggins, David. 1965. "Identity Statements," in Analytical Philosophy, Second Series, Oxford: Blackwell.
Wiggins, David. 1967. Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Wiggins, David. 1968. "On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time." Philosophical Review 77:90-5
Wiggins, David. 1974. "Essentialism, Continuity, and Identity." Synthése 28:321-359
Wiggins, David. 2001. Sameness and Substance Renewed. Cambridge University Press.
Williams, B. A. (1964). "Personal identity and individuation." In Essays in Philosophical Psychology (pp. 324-345). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Williamson, T. 2002. "Necessary Existents, in Logic, Thought and Language, Cambridge University Press, pp. 233-251

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